Free radicals or Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

It is ironic that oxygen, an element indispensable for life can, under certain situations, have severely deleterious effects on the human body. Most of the potentially harmful effects of oxygen are due to the formation and activity of a number of chemical compounds, known as reactive oxygen species, which have a tendency to donate oxygen to other substances. Many such reactive species are free radicals and have a surplus of one or more free-floating electrons rather than having matched pairs and are, therefore, unstable and highly reactive. Types of free radicals include the hydroxyl radical (OH.), the superoxide radical (O.2), and the lipid peroxyl radical (LOO.).

Production of free radicals in the human body Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species are derived either from normal essential metabolic processes in the human body or from external sources such as exposure to X-rays, ozone, cigarette smoking, air pollutants and industrial chemicals. Free radical formation occurs continuously in the cells as a consequence of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions . Enzymatic reactions which serve as sources of free radicals include those involved in the respiratory chain, in phagocytosis, in prostaglandin synthesis and in the cytochrome P450 system. Free radicals also arise in non-enzymatic reactions of oxygen with organic compounds as well as those initiated by ionizing radiations. Some internally generated sources of free radicals are
· Mitochondria
· Phagocytes
· Xanthine oxidase
· Reactions involving iron and other transition metals
· Arachidonate pathways
· Peroxisomes
· Exercise
· Inflammation
· Ischaemia/reperfusion.

Some externally generated sources of free radicals are
· Cigarette smoke
· Environmental pollutants
· Radiation
· Ultraviolet light
· Certain drugs, pesticides, anaesthetics and industrial solvents
· Ozone.

With electrons unhinged, free radicals roam the body, wreaking havoc. The free radical, in an effort to achieve stability, attacks nearby molecules to obtain another electron and, in doing so, damages those molecules. If free radicals are not inactivated, their chemical reactivity can damage all cellular macromolecules including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Their destructive effects on proteins may play a role in the causation of cataracts. Free radical damage to DNA is also implicated in the causation of cancer and its effect on LDL cholesterol is very likely responsible for heart disease. In fact, the theory associating free radicals with the aging process has also gained widespread acceptance .

The free radical diseases
A well accepted fact is the increasing incidence of disease with advancing age. A plausible explanation for the association of age and disease is based on the implication of free radical reactions in the pathogenesis of several disorders. Free radical reactions are expected to produce progressive adverse changes that accumulate with age throughout the body. Such "normal" changes with age are relatively common to all. However, superimposed on this common pattern are patterns influenced by genetics and environmental differences that modulate free radical damage. These are manifested as diseases at certain ages determined by genetic and environmental factors. Cancer and atherosclerosis, two major causes of death, are salient "free radical" diseases. Cancer initiation and promotion is associated with chromosomal defects and oncogene activation. It is possible that endogenous free radical reactions, like those initiated by ionizing radiation, may result in tumor formation. The highly significant correlation between consumption of fats and oils and death rates from leukemia and malignant neoplasia of the breast, ovaries and rectum among persons over 55 years may be a reflection of greater lipid peroxidation . Studies on atherosclerosis reveal the probability that the disease may be due to free radical reactions involving diet-derived lipids in the arterial wall and serum to yield peroxides and other substances. These compounds induce endothelial cell injury and produce changes in the arterial walls.

Antioxidants neutralizes the free radical damage
The human body has several mechanisms to counteract damage by free radicals and other reactive oxygen species. These act on different oxidants as well as in different cellular compartments. One important line of defence is a system of enzymes, including glutathione peroxidases, superoxide dismutases and catalase, which decrease concentrations of the most harmful oxidants in the tissues. Several essential minerals including selenium, copper, manganese and zinc are necessary for the formation or activity of these enzymes. Hence, if the nutritional supply of these minerals is inadequate, enzymatic defences against free radicals may be impaired.

The second line of defence against free radical damage is the presence of antioxidants. An antioxidant is a molecule stable enough to donate an electron to a rampaging free radical and neutralize it, thus reducing its capacity to damage. Some such antioxidants, including glutathione, ubiquinol and uric acid, are produced during normal metabolism in the body. Other lighter antioxidants are found in the diet. Although about 4000 antioxidants have been identified, the best known are vitamin E, vitamin C and the carotenoids. Many other non-nutrient food substances, generally phenolic or polyphenolic compounds, display antioxidant properties and, thus, may be important for health.

Although a wide variety of antioxidants in foods contribute to disease prevention, the bulk of research has focused on three antioxidants which are essential nutrients or precursors of nutrients. These are vitamin E, vitamin C and the carotenoids. Each of these antioxidant nutrients have specific activities and they often work synergistically to enhance the overall antioxidant capability of the body.

The balance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defences in the body has important health implications. If there are too many free radicals produced and too few antioxidants, a condition of "oxidative stress" develops which may cause chronic damage. As mentioned above, free radicals have been implicated in several health problems. Cancer, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction, senile cataracts, acute respiratory distress syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis are just a few examples. Numerous studies have shown the protective effects of antioxidant nutrients on these health problems.
Antioxidant property of Noni

Endogenous antioxidants and role of Noni - Our body has evolved with endogenous defense mechanisms to protect against free radical induced cell damage. Glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and Superoxide dismutases are three primary antioxidant enzymes in our body, which involved in direct elimination of free radicals or reactive oxygen species from our body. They require micronutrient such as selenium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese as cofactors for their formation and optimum catalytic and effective antioxidant activity. Noni contain all the trace minerals that help for optimum catalytic activity of those three important antioxidant enzymes for an effective antioxidant defense mechanism.

Glutathione, ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, bilirubin, selenium, dihydrolipoic acid, reduced CoQ10, melatonin, uric acid etc., as a whole play a homoeostatic or protective role against ROS produced during normal cellular metabolism and after active oxidation insult. Noni contains all the above phyto chemicals and vitamins in abundant quantity. Glutathione (GSH) is the most significant component which directly quenches Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) such as lipid peroxides and plays major role in xenobiotic metabolism. Glutathione is a tripeptide made up of the amino acids gamma-glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. Noni contain all those glutathione making amino acids in abundant number. Thus Noni increases the body’s glutathione level. Noni stimulates more melatonin secretion from the pineal body. It also maintains ascorbate (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), in their reduced form, which also exert an antioxidant effect by quenching free radicals.

Exogenous antioxidants: Contribution from Noni

A number of other dietary antioxidants known as phytonutrients or phytochemicals that are being increasingly appreciated for their antioxidant activity. One example is flavonoids which are a group of polyphenolic compounds. They are responsible for the different brilliant colors such as blue, scarlet, and orange. Noni contain 150 above phytochemicals including all flavonoids. Flavonoids exhibit several biological effects such as antitumoural, anti-ischaemic, anti-allergic, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-ulcerative, and anti inflammatory activities. These are also known to inhibit the activities of several bad enzymes like lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, monooxygenase, xanthine oxidase, glutathione-S transferase, mitochondrial succino-oxidase, and protein kinases. Many of the biological activities of flavonoids are attributed to their antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capabilities. Noni is rich with many flavonoids.

It is ironic that oxygen, an element indispensable for life can, under certain situations, have severely deleterious effects on the human body. Most of the potentially harmful effects of oxygen are due to the formation and activity of a number of chemical compounds, known as reactive oxygen species, which have a tendency to donate oxygen to other substances. Many such reactive species are free radicals and have a surplus of one or more free-floating electrons rather than having matched pairs and are, therefore, unstable and highly reactive. Types of free radicals include the hydroxyl radical (OH.), the superoxide radical (O.2), and the lipid peroxyl radical (LOO.).

Production of free radicals in the human body Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species are derived either from normal essential metabolic processes in the human body or from external sources such as exposure to X-rays, ozone, cigarette smoking, air pollutants and industrial chemicals. Free radical formation occurs continuously in the cells as a consequence of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions . Enzymatic reactions which serve as sources of free radicals include those involved in the respiratory chain, in phagocytosis, in prostaglandin synthesis and in the cytochrome P450 system. Free radicals also arise in non-enzymatic reactions of oxygen with organic compounds as well as those initiated by ionizing radiations. Some internally generated sources of free radicals are
· Mitochondria
· Phagocytes
· Xanthine oxidase
· Reactions involving iron and other transition metals
· Arachidonate pathways
· Peroxisomes
· Exercise
· Inflammation
· Ischaemia/reperfusion.

Some externally generated sources of free radicals are
· Cigarette smoke
· Environmental pollutants
· Radiation
· Ultraviolet light
· Certain drugs, pesticides, anaesthetics and industrial solvents
· Ozone.

With electrons unhinged, free radicals roam the body, wreaking havoc. The free radical, in an effort to achieve stability, attacks nearby molecules to obtain another electron and, in doing so, damages those molecules. If free radicals are not inactivated, their chemical reactivity can damage all cellular macromolecules including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Their destructive effects on proteins may play a role in the causation of cataracts. Free radical damage to DNA is also implicated in the causation of cancer and its effect on LDL cholesterol is very likely responsible for heart disease. In fact, the theory associating free radicals with the aging process has also gained widespread acceptance .

The free radical diseases
A well accepted fact is the increasing incidence of disease with advancing age. A plausible explanation for the association of age and disease is based on the implication of free radical reactions in the pathogenesis of several disorders. Free radical reactions are expected to produce progressive adverse changes that accumulate with age throughout the body. Such "normal" changes with age are relatively common to all. However, superimposed on this common pattern are patterns influenced by genetics and environmental differences that modulate free radical damage. These are manifested as diseases at certain ages determined by genetic and environmental factors. Cancer and atherosclerosis, two major causes of death, are salient "free radical" diseases. Cancer initiation and promotion is associated with chromosomal defects and oncogene activation. It is possible that endogenous free radical reactions, like those initiated by ionizing radiation, may result in tumor formation. The highly significant correlation between consumption of fats and oils and death rates from leukemia and malignant neoplasia of the breast, ovaries and rectum among persons over 55 years may be a reflection of greater lipid peroxidation . Studies on atherosclerosis reveal the probability that the disease may be due to free radical reactions involving diet-derived lipids in the arterial wall and serum to yield peroxides and other substances. These compounds induce endothelial cell injury and produce changes in the arterial walls.

Antioxidants neutralizes the free radical damage
The human body has several mechanisms to counteract damage by free radicals and other reactive oxygen species. These act on different oxidants as well as in different cellular compartments. One important line of defence is a system of enzymes, including glutathione peroxidases, superoxide dismutases and catalase, which decrease concentrations of the most harmful oxidants in the tissues. Several essential minerals including selenium, copper, manganese and zinc are necessary for the formation or activity of these enzymes. Hence, if the nutritional supply of these minerals is inadequate, enzymatic defences against free radicals may be impaired.

The second line of defence against free radical damage is the presence of antioxidants. An antioxidant is a molecule stable enough to donate an electron to a rampaging free radical and neutralize it, thus reducing its capacity to damage. Some such antioxidants, including glutathione, ubiquinol and uric acid, are produced during normal metabolism in the body. Other lighter antioxidants are found in the diet. Although about 4000 antioxidants have been identified, the best known are vitamin E, vitamin C and the carotenoids. Many other non-nutrient food substances, generally phenolic or polyphenolic compounds, display antioxidant properties and, thus, may be important for health.

Although a wide variety of antioxidants in foods contribute to disease prevention, the bulk of research has focused on three antioxidants which are essential nutrients or precursors of nutrients. These are vitamin E, vitamin C and the carotenoids. Each of these antioxidant nutrients have specific activities and they often work synergistically to enhance the overall antioxidant capability of the body.

The balance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defences in the body has important health implications. If there are too many free radicals produced and too few antioxidants, a condition of "oxidative stress" develops which may cause chronic damage. As mentioned above, free radicals have been implicated in several health problems. Cancer, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction, senile cataracts, acute respiratory distress syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis are just a few examples. Numerous studies have shown the protective effects of antioxidant nutrients on these health problems.
Antioxidant property of Noni

Endogenous antioxidants and role of Noni - Our body has evolved with endogenous defense mechanisms to protect against free radical induced cell damage. Glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and Superoxide dismutases are three primary antioxidant enzymes in our body, which involved in direct elimination of free radicals or reactive oxygen species from our body. They require micronutrient such as selenium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese as cofactors for their formation and optimum catalytic and effective antioxidant activity. Noni contain all the trace minerals that help for optimum catalytic activity of those three important antioxidant enzymes for an effective antioxidant defense mechanism.

Glutathione, ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, bilirubin, selenium, dihydrolipoic acid, reduced CoQ10, melatonin, uric acid etc., as a whole play a homoeostatic or protective role against ROS produced during normal cellular metabolism and after active oxidation insult. Noni contains all the above phyto chemicals and vitamins in abundant quantity. Glutathione (GSH) is the most significant component which directly quenches Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) such as lipid peroxides and plays major role in xenobiotic metabolism. Glutathione is a tripeptide made up of the amino acids gamma-glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. Noni contain all those glutathione making amino acids in abundant number. Thus Noni increases the body’s glutathione level. Noni stimulates more melatonin secretion from the pineal body. It also maintains ascorbate (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), in their reduced form, which also exert an antioxidant effect by quenching free radicals.

Exogenous antioxidants: Contribution from Noni

A number of other dietary antioxidants known as phytonutrients or phytochemicals that are being increasingly appreciated for their antioxidant activity. One example is flavonoids which are a group of polyphenolic compounds. They are responsible for the different brilliant colors such as blue, scarlet, and orange. Noni contain 150 above phytochemicals including all flavonoids. Flavonoids exhibit several biological effects such as antitumoural, anti-ischaemic, anti-allergic, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-ulcerative, and anti inflammatory activities. These are also known to inhibit the activities of several bad enzymes like lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, monooxygenase, xanthine oxidase, glutathione-S transferase, mitochondrial succino-oxidase, and protein kinases. Many of the biological activities of flavonoids are attributed to their antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capabilities. Noni is rich with many flavonoids.

Role of Noni in Cancer

Noni acts like an powerful Immune Booster :

The immune system is important to cancer patients in many ways.

• The cancer can weaken the immune system
• Cancer treatment can weaken the immune system
• The immune system may help to fight your bodies cancer
• The cancer can weaken the immune system by invading the bone marrow where the cells that help fight infection are made. This happens most often in leukaemia or lymphoma. But it can happen with other cancers too.
• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can weaken immunity by causing a drop in the number of white blood cells made in the bone marrow. Apart from bone marrow or stem cell transplants, this effect on the bone marrow is temporary.
• Some cells of the immune system can recognise cancer cells as abnormal and kill them. Unfortunately, this is not enough to get rid of a cancer altogether.

ONE NATURAL FOOD SUPPLIMENTS, THE NONI aim to use the immune system to fight cancer.

Noni, the botanical name Morinda citrifoila is a medicinal plant that has been used world wide for centuries. It is a natural nutritioanal food suppliments.A consider number of studies on the role of Noni in cancer preventive and therapeutic aproaches have been cariied out so far and their results have been published in various reputed scientific journals.

In 2001 , at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Reasearch, Noni was listed as one of the top ten alternative cancer treatment used conventional settings.
Research shows that more and more people are using alternative theraphy in addition to, or in place of, conventional cancer treatment. According to cancer researcher Ralph W.Moss, Ph.D, surveys from the American Cancer Society done in 1989 found that 9% of cancer paitents were using one or more alternative treatments.

Some of the most sucessful treatments by doctors are those that include a combination of all cancer treatments. Since cancer can be such a pervasive intruder, many medical professional feel it is best to attack it from different angels.

What way noni help in cancer
For primary prevention of cancer –
"To take medicine only when you are sick is like digging a well only when you are thirsty — is it not already too late?" (Chi Po, c 2500 BC). This proverb suggests that prevention is more important than treatment

Noni exhibits antiangiogenesis effects on the malignant cells.
The cancer tumor has the ability to develop its own blood vessels around its to get their nutrition for growth by the process of angiogenesis. Many phytochemicals present in NONI like Damnacanthal, Alizarin, Limonene, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) etc, just a few among the 150+ phytochemicals present in Noni that exhibit ANTIANGIOGENESIS effect on the malignant cells Thus inhibits the growth and mutations of malignant cells and induces program cell death or apoptosis.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg)- 

EGCg is a polyphenolic flavonoids antioxidant that is found in abundance in Noni. EGCg in Noni inhibits the quinol oxidase (NOX) enzyme tumor activity property thus helps in antiangiogenesis.

NOX enzymes are found in a variety of cell types and tissues where they react with oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), the free radical forms of oxygen that damage to the DNA of cell.

The ROS is involved in mutations and tissue damage in diseases such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Normal amounts of NOX production are important to regulate the cell growth. It is generally in active during the normal cell division process on response to growth hormone stimulation but it is active in all the time in cancerous cell and responsible for the cancerous cell proliferation, cell motility, invasion and angiogenesis process, all of them prerequisites for tumor metastasis.

EGCg, a primary component of NONI inhibit the NOX activity of cancer cells. According to DR.Morre’s experimental studies it is found that EGCg in NONI inhibits NOX carcinogenesis activity but does not inhibit the NOX activity of healthy cells.

Noni prevents the carcinogen DNA adduct formation on cell

Most chemical carcinogens needs activation by our body enzymes to be transformed to an ultimate form that readily binds to genetic DNA to form DNA adducts. Carcinogen DNA adducts formation causes DNA damage. Carcinogen DNA adducts can be repaired by body enzymes. The unprepared DNA damaged cell will be responsible for mutation and the consequent cancer development. Therefore preventing carcinogen-DNA adduct formation is a key step for primary prevention in cancer at the initiation step of carcinogenesis.
Noni helps in prevention or block the formation of carcinogen induced DNA adduct. Hence it may prevent cancer at the initiation stage of carcinogenesis.

Role of Antioxidant in Cancer Prevention 

Oxidative stress in our body is the underlying cause of cancer. When escessive free radicals are allowed to exist near the nucleus of cell, significant damage to the DNA of cell can result. Free radicals can also wreck damage on the genetic structure of the DNA, which can then lead to abnormal growth of cell. As these cells continue to replicate, this mutated DNA ia carried to each newly developed cell. when there is further oxidative stress to this mutated DNA of the cell, more damage occurs. The cell will then begin to grow out of control. It spread from one part of the body to other(metastasis), thus becoming a true cancer

Oxidative stress is indeed the cause of cancer, antioxidants used to bring free radical back into balance would lower the risk of cancer. Therefore the bet strategy is to maximize your own body’s immune system and antioxidant defense and this begins by eating a healthy natural suppliment that rich with antioxidants. Noni is the rich source of antioxidants. The high anti oxidant property of Noni helps to prevent the formation carcinogen-DNA adducts. It was hypothesized that the antioxidants in Noni may have cancer protective effects by scavenging reactive oxygen free radicals and quenching lipid peroxides.

Antioxidant activity of Noni : In order to explore the mechanisms of the cancer preventive effect of Noni , the antioxidant activity was examined. It is known that oxidative damage induced by reactive free radicals is involved in the development of cancer. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that consuming fruits and vegetable reduced free radical-induced oxidative damage and the consequent lipid peroxidation, therefore reducing cancer risk. It is believed that fruits and vegetable are major sources of antioxidants. Noni is a medicinal plant that helps different health conditions in many different ways. It was hypothesized that the antioxidant activity of Noni may protect individuals from oxygen free radicals and consequent lipid peroxidation. In order to examine this hypothesis, the antioxidant activity of Noni was analyzed. The study was designed to measure how well Noni scavenged superoxide anion radicals (SAR) and quenched lipid peroxides (LPO) by TNB assay and LMB assay, respectively. SAR scavenging activity was examined in vitro by tetrazolium nitroblue (TNB) assay. In TNB assay, SAR reduces TNB into formazan blue, which absorbs at 602 nm. A SAR scavenger, such as Noni, reduces the absorbency by reacting with SAR. In this assay, a standard curve is produced when SAR are generated from NADH under aerobic conditions, with phenazine methosulfate as a catalyst. In LMB assay, LPO oxidizes leucomethylene to methylene blue in the presence of hemoglobin. The resultant blue color can be quantified spectrophotometrically at 660 nm.

(a) In vitro Noni showed a dose-dependent inhibition of both LPO and SAR. The SAR scavenging activity of Noni was compared to that of three known antioxidants: Vitamin C, grape seed powder, and Pycnogenol at the daily dose per serving level recommended by US RDA's or manufacturer's recommendations. Under the experimental conditions, the SAR scavenging activity of Noni was shown to be 2.8 times that of vitamin C, 1.4 times that of Pycnogenol, and 1.1 times that of grape seed powder. Therefore Noni has a great potential to scavenge reactive oxygen free radicals.

Clinical application of Noni in cancer

Noni can be used as a supplemental cancer treatment. Many phytochemicals and the xeronine, the alkaloid of Noni helps in increasing the cancer cell membrane permeability to chemo agents. Thus potentiate the pharmacological action of medication.

In 1992, Hirazumi, a researcher at the University of Hawaii, reported anticancer activity from the alcohol-precipitate of Noni fruit juice (noni-ppt) on lung cancer in C57 Bl/6 mice at the 83th Annual Meeting of American Association for Cancer Research. The noni-ppt was shown to significantly prolong the life of mice up to 75 % with implanted Lewis lung carcinoma compared with the control group. It was concluded that the noni-ppt seems to suppress tumor growth indirectly by stimulating the immune system. Improved survival time and curative effects occurred when noni-ppt was combined with sub-optimal doses of the standard chemotherapeutic agents such as adriamycin (Adria), cisplatin (CDDP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and vincristine (VCR), suggesting important clinical applications of noni-ppt as a supplemental agent in cancer treatment. These results indicate that nonippt may enhance the therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs. Therefore it may be of benefit to cancer patients by enabling them to use lower doses of anticancer drugs to achieve the same or even better results.

It suggests the important clinical application of Noni as a supplemental agent on cancer treatment Recent unpublished study completed by Dr Wang and coworkers demonstrate that a cytotoxic effect of Noni on cultured leukemia cell line at various concen-tration. The cytotoxicity of Noni on cultured cancer cells showed a dose-dependent manner by inducing cancer cell necrosis at high doses and apotosid at lower doses. The synergistic effects of Noni with known anticancer drugs have been found. At a sub-optimum dose, both prednisolone and Noni could induce apoptosis. When the dose of prednisolone was fixed, and the dose of Noni increased, apoptotic cells were significantly increased. Therefore, Noni is able to enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs such as prednisolone. When a single dose of Taxol induced a lower percentage of apoptosis in leukemia cells, Noni enhanced the rate of apoptosis to 100 %. This data indicates that Noni is able to enhance the therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs such as Taxol. This finding may be significant for the combination of anticancer drugs with Noni. It may allow one to decrease the dose of synthetic anticancer drugs, increase the tolerance of patients to the toxicity of anticancer drugs, and increase immune function. This creates a new method in treating cancer patients.

In 1993, Hiramatsu and colleagues reported in Cancer Letters the effects of over 500 extracts from tropical plants on the K-Ras-NRK cells. Damnacanthal, isolated from Noni roots, is an inhibitor of Ras function. The ras oncogene is believed to be associated with the signal transduction in several human cancers such as lung, colon, pancreas, and leukemia.

Hiwasa and coworkers demonstrated that damnacanthal, an anthraquinone compound, isolated from the Noni root, was reported to have a potent inhibitory activity towards tyrosine kinases such as Lck, Src, Lyn, and EGF receptors. In his study, he examined the effects of damnacanthal on ultraviolet ray-induced apoptosis in ultraviolet-resistant human UVr-1 cells. Consequently, the ultraviolet light induced a concurrent increase in both phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases and stress-activated protein kinases. After pretreatment with damnacanthal, there was a stimulatory effect on ultraviolet-induced apoptosis.

Dong reported that two glycosides extracted from noni-ppt were effective in inhibiting cell transformation induced by TPA or EGF in the mouse epidermal JB6 cell line. The inhibition was found to be associated with the inhibitory effects of these compounds on AP-1 activity. The compounds also blocked phosphorylation of c-Jun, a substrate of JNKs, suggesting that JNKs are a critical target for the compounds in mediating AP-1 activity and cell transformation.

Clinical application as an immunotherapy in cancer – 

NONI-ppt, the polysaccharide rich substances present in NONI develop an anti-tumor response by stimulating the release of various cytokines mediator of the immune system of our body like

• Interleukin
• Interferon – gamma
• Nitric oxide
• Tumour necrosis factor
• Natural killer cells

Thus they help for controlling carcinogenesis by inhibiting the growth and mutation of the malignant cells

Pretreatment with Noni followed by ultraviolet irradiation increased the levels of phosphorylated extra cellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK) enzymes in the body. Activation of SARK and ERKs plays an important role in triggering apoptosis. Thus their activation proves the stimulatory effect of Noni on ultraviolet-induced apoptosis


High potassium contain of Noni relieves the malignant cachexia syndromes in cancer
The Xeronine, the alkaloid of NONI enhances the cell permeability for intracellular absorption of K and prevents the formation of lactic acid from glucose, thus helps in relieving the malignant cachexia symptoms in cancer patient

Reduction of side effects caused by chemotherapy.

Noni contain a mixture of Anthraquinone, organic acids, xeronine, several vitamins (such as beta-carotene, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine etc), some minerals, iron and calcium. The potassium content of Noni is very high. It is a powerful antioxidant. Thus this natural product, INDIAN NONI JUICE, can be used to reduce the side effects of cancer treatments

Thus Noni’s effect on cancer most likely deals with the fact that both Noni and cancer work on a cellular level. It is further believed that Noni enhances cellular structure while cancer, of course, destroys it. One of Noni’s key components, Proxeronine, is sent to “sick” cells within the body by the Golgi apparatus and reticuloendothelium. These sick cells attract Proxeronine and an enzyme, Proxeroninease. The interaction creates Xeronine, a cellular enhancer.
Role of NONI in reducing pain in cancer

Noni is a selective COX-2 inhibitor - Pain, redness, heat, and swelling, which are the markers of inflammation, follow the release of prostaglandins. Pain killers reduce prostaglandins by blocking an enzyme which helps to produce them, called cyclooxygenase (COX). There are two COX enzymes in the body - COX-1 and COX-2. COX1 is easily identifiable and is important in regulating cell function. COX2 enzyme is largely responsible for causing pain and inflammation. Noni is a selective inhibitor of COX-2 enzyme. In addition, the Noni did no damage to the COX1 enzyme. Hence it relieves a lot in case of pain in cancer patient.

Role of Scopoletin in pain - Another reason for Noni’s pain fighting qualities may stem from several of its constituents. Noni has been shown to contain Scopoletin, which has anti inflammatory effects and pain reducing ability.

Role of Noni in reducing high mental stress of cancer paitent : 

the cancer patient always in a state of high stress condition about his diseases and cancer treatment. The cause of stress is due to the low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin, also called 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is the brain's `happy chemical.’ Serotonin is often referred to as the body's natural mood-altering drug and changes in serotonin levels can quickly alter mood. If serotonin levels drop to low levels, depression is almost sure to follow. It is manufactured in our body using the amino acid tryptophan. When tryptophan is readily available, the body can use it if needed to increase serotonin levels. Manufactured by the body, it is found along with its receptor sites in the brain, blood platelets, and lining of the digestive tract. Noni juice is a normal and safe way for us to increase the effects of this feel good hormone. NONI juice elevate serotonin levels naturally. It contains 17 amino acids among the total 20 amino acids including all 10 essential amino acid. The amino acid tryptophan plays a great role in manufacturing this neuro transmitter serotonin. When tryptophan is readily available, the body can use it if needed to increase serotonin levels

NONI act as an Immune enhancer in cancer patient; 
The immunity plays a greater role in cancer –patient. The person in low immune power is most susceptible to attack by cancer. The cancer also depresses the body immunity power a lot. The standard cancer treatments also add fuel in reducing the immunity level more than before. So it is highly necessary to keep the immunity level balance of the cancer patient as well as in the standard cancer treatment.

NONI helps a lot in enhancing the immune power of cancer patient naturally. NONI-ppt, the polysaccharide rich substances present in NONI helps in improving the immune power by stimulating the release of various cytokines mediator of the immune system of our body. Those cytokines are Interleukin, Interferon – gamma, Nitric oxide, Tumour necrosis factor, Natural killer cells. Those helps for controlling carcinogenesis process by inhibiting the growth and mutation of the malignant cells.

The natural integrity of Noni is only part of the reason for its immune modulating character. There are two additional reasons contribution to NONI’s immune enhancing property-

unique Combinations of Substances Noni has an impressive combination of ingredients.
It has a rich complement of vitamins and minerals; including A, B vitamins (including the rare B-12), C, E, Iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, zinc and several trace minerals. It also has 17 of 20 amino acids. Terpenes, fungicides, adaptogens, glycosides, polysaccharides and other unique ingredients that even in small amounts can have significant physiological effects can be found in Noni.
Synergy of its Substances 
The many known, and even some of the unknown substances, come together in a way that support the needs of many of our internal systems, concurrently. As the word synergy implies, these substances work far better in combination than they do separately. Many of the ingredients in Noni are found in varying amounts in other foods or herbs. There seems to be no known food or herb with either the rich list of substances or the high amounts of key substances all put together in one super food. Noni aids the body’s natural healing abilities.

Hence Noni is very helpful in any cancer as Primary prevention purposes, primary therapeutic purposes, supplemental to conventional treatment purposes, reduction of chemo and radio side effects cases, secondary prevention purposes in future, and to keep the body immunity power strong enough to fight for the diseases

Why Noni should use with chemotherapy of cancer?
Noni may enhance the therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs. From an experimental study report on lower animal at the University of Hawaii, USA it has been shown that Noni may help to potentiate the action of many anticancer drug. Thus it may suggest as an important clinical application of Noni as a supplemental agent in cancer treatment. Therefore it may be of benefit to cancer patients by enabling them to use lower doses of anticancer drugs to achieve the same or even better results.

Noni acts like a powerful immune booster
The immune system is important to cancer patients in many ways. The cancer can weaken the immune system. Cancer treatment can weaken the immune system. The immune system may help to fight your body’s cancer

Noni develop an anti-tumor response by boosting the body immune power in the process of stimulating the release of various cytokines mediator of the immune system of our body like Interleukin, Interferon – gamma, Nitric oxide, Tumor necrosis factor, Natural killer cells

Thus they help for controlling carcinogenesis by inhibiting the growth and mutation of the malignant cells.It suggests the important clinical application of Noni as a supplemental agent on cancer treatment reduction the side effects caused by chemotherapy.

Noni contain a mixture of Anthraquinone, organic acids, xeronine, several vitamins (such as beta-carotene, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine etc), some minerals, iron, selenium, magnesium and calcium. The potassium content of Noni is very high. It is a powerful antioxidant. Thus this natural product, INDIAN NONI JUICE, can be used to reduce the side effects of cancer treatments

Thus Noni’s effect on cancer most likely deals with the fact that both Noni and cancer work on a cellular level. It is further believed that Noni enhances cellular structure while cancer, of course, destroys it. One of Noni’s key components, Proxeronine, is sent to “sick” cells within the body by the Golgi apparatus and reticuloendothelium. These sick cells attract Proxeronine and an enzyme, Proxeroninease. The interaction creates Xeronine, a cellular enhancer.

High potassium contain of Noni relieves the malignant cachexia syndromes in cancer
The Xeronine, the alkaloid of NONI enhances the cell permeability for intracellular absorption of K and prevents the formation of lactic acid from glucose, thus helps in relieving the malignant cachexia symptoms in cancer patient

Noni acts like an powerful Immune Booster :

The immune system is important to cancer patients in many ways.

• The cancer can weaken the immune system
• Cancer treatment can weaken the immune system
• The immune system may help to fight your bodies cancer
• The cancer can weaken the immune system by invading the bone marrow where the cells that help fight infection are made. This happens most often in leukaemia or lymphoma. But it can happen with other cancers too.
• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can weaken immunity by causing a drop in the number of white blood cells made in the bone marrow. Apart from bone marrow or stem cell transplants, this effect on the bone marrow is temporary.
• Some cells of the immune system can recognise cancer cells as abnormal and kill them. Unfortunately, this is not enough to get rid of a cancer altogether.

ONE NATURAL FOOD SUPPLIMENTS, THE NONI aim to use the immune system to fight cancer.

Noni, the botanical name Morinda citrifoila is a medicinal plant that has been used world wide for centuries. It is a natural nutritioanal food suppliments.A consider number of studies on the role of Noni in cancer preventive and therapeutic aproaches have been cariied out so far and their results have been published in various reputed scientific journals.

In 2001 , at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Reasearch, Noni was listed as one of the top ten alternative cancer treatment used conventional settings.
Research shows that more and more people are using alternative theraphy in addition to, or in place of, conventional cancer treatment. According to cancer researcher Ralph W.Moss, Ph.D, surveys from the American Cancer Society done in 1989 found that 9% of cancer paitents were using one or more alternative treatments.

Some of the most sucessful treatments by doctors are those that include a combination of all cancer treatments. Since cancer can be such a pervasive intruder, many medical professional feel it is best to attack it from different angels.

What way noni help in cancer
For primary prevention of cancer –
"To take medicine only when you are sick is like digging a well only when you are thirsty — is it not already too late?" (Chi Po, c 2500 BC). This proverb suggests that prevention is more important than treatment

Noni exhibits antiangiogenesis effects on the malignant cells.
The cancer tumor has the ability to develop its own blood vessels around its to get their nutrition for growth by the process of angiogenesis. Many phytochemicals present in NONI like Damnacanthal, Alizarin, Limonene, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) etc, just a few among the 150+ phytochemicals present in Noni that exhibit ANTIANGIOGENESIS effect on the malignant cells Thus inhibits the growth and mutations of malignant cells and induces program cell death or apoptosis.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg)- 

EGCg is a polyphenolic flavonoids antioxidant that is found in abundance in Noni. EGCg in Noni inhibits the quinol oxidase (NOX) enzyme tumor activity property thus helps in antiangiogenesis.

NOX enzymes are found in a variety of cell types and tissues where they react with oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), the free radical forms of oxygen that damage to the DNA of cell.

The ROS is involved in mutations and tissue damage in diseases such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Normal amounts of NOX production are important to regulate the cell growth. It is generally in active during the normal cell division process on response to growth hormone stimulation but it is active in all the time in cancerous cell and responsible for the cancerous cell proliferation, cell motility, invasion and angiogenesis process, all of them prerequisites for tumor metastasis.

EGCg, a primary component of NONI inhibit the NOX activity of cancer cells. According to DR.Morre’s experimental studies it is found that EGCg in NONI inhibits NOX carcinogenesis activity but does not inhibit the NOX activity of healthy cells.

Noni prevents the carcinogen DNA adduct formation on cell

Most chemical carcinogens needs activation by our body enzymes to be transformed to an ultimate form that readily binds to genetic DNA to form DNA adducts. Carcinogen DNA adducts formation causes DNA damage. Carcinogen DNA adducts can be repaired by body enzymes. The unprepared DNA damaged cell will be responsible for mutation and the consequent cancer development. Therefore preventing carcinogen-DNA adduct formation is a key step for primary prevention in cancer at the initiation step of carcinogenesis.
Noni helps in prevention or block the formation of carcinogen induced DNA adduct. Hence it may prevent cancer at the initiation stage of carcinogenesis.

Role of Antioxidant in Cancer Prevention 

Oxidative stress in our body is the underlying cause of cancer. When escessive free radicals are allowed to exist near the nucleus of cell, significant damage to the DNA of cell can result. Free radicals can also wreck damage on the genetic structure of the DNA, which can then lead to abnormal growth of cell. As these cells continue to replicate, this mutated DNA ia carried to each newly developed cell. when there is further oxidative stress to this mutated DNA of the cell, more damage occurs. The cell will then begin to grow out of control. It spread from one part of the body to other(metastasis), thus becoming a true cancer

Oxidative stress is indeed the cause of cancer, antioxidants used to bring free radical back into balance would lower the risk of cancer. Therefore the bet strategy is to maximize your own body’s immune system and antioxidant defense and this begins by eating a healthy natural suppliment that rich with antioxidants. Noni is the rich source of antioxidants. The high anti oxidant property of Noni helps to prevent the formation carcinogen-DNA adducts. It was hypothesized that the antioxidants in Noni may have cancer protective effects by scavenging reactive oxygen free radicals and quenching lipid peroxides.

Antioxidant activity of Noni : In order to explore the mechanisms of the cancer preventive effect of Noni , the antioxidant activity was examined. It is known that oxidative damage induced by reactive free radicals is involved in the development of cancer. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that consuming fruits and vegetable reduced free radical-induced oxidative damage and the consequent lipid peroxidation, therefore reducing cancer risk. It is believed that fruits and vegetable are major sources of antioxidants. Noni is a medicinal plant that helps different health conditions in many different ways. It was hypothesized that the antioxidant activity of Noni may protect individuals from oxygen free radicals and consequent lipid peroxidation. In order to examine this hypothesis, the antioxidant activity of Noni was analyzed. The study was designed to measure how well Noni scavenged superoxide anion radicals (SAR) and quenched lipid peroxides (LPO) by TNB assay and LMB assay, respectively. SAR scavenging activity was examined in vitro by tetrazolium nitroblue (TNB) assay. In TNB assay, SAR reduces TNB into formazan blue, which absorbs at 602 nm. A SAR scavenger, such as Noni, reduces the absorbency by reacting with SAR. In this assay, a standard curve is produced when SAR are generated from NADH under aerobic conditions, with phenazine methosulfate as a catalyst. In LMB assay, LPO oxidizes leucomethylene to methylene blue in the presence of hemoglobin. The resultant blue color can be quantified spectrophotometrically at 660 nm.

(a) In vitro Noni showed a dose-dependent inhibition of both LPO and SAR. The SAR scavenging activity of Noni was compared to that of three known antioxidants: Vitamin C, grape seed powder, and Pycnogenol at the daily dose per serving level recommended by US RDA's or manufacturer's recommendations. Under the experimental conditions, the SAR scavenging activity of Noni was shown to be 2.8 times that of vitamin C, 1.4 times that of Pycnogenol, and 1.1 times that of grape seed powder. Therefore Noni has a great potential to scavenge reactive oxygen free radicals.

Clinical application of Noni in cancer

Noni can be used as a supplemental cancer treatment. Many phytochemicals and the xeronine, the alkaloid of Noni helps in increasing the cancer cell membrane permeability to chemo agents. Thus potentiate the pharmacological action of medication.

In 1992, Hirazumi, a researcher at the University of Hawaii, reported anticancer activity from the alcohol-precipitate of Noni fruit juice (noni-ppt) on lung cancer in C57 Bl/6 mice at the 83th Annual Meeting of American Association for Cancer Research. The noni-ppt was shown to significantly prolong the life of mice up to 75 % with implanted Lewis lung carcinoma compared with the control group. It was concluded that the noni-ppt seems to suppress tumor growth indirectly by stimulating the immune system. Improved survival time and curative effects occurred when noni-ppt was combined with sub-optimal doses of the standard chemotherapeutic agents such as adriamycin (Adria), cisplatin (CDDP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and vincristine (VCR), suggesting important clinical applications of noni-ppt as a supplemental agent in cancer treatment. These results indicate that nonippt may enhance the therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs. Therefore it may be of benefit to cancer patients by enabling them to use lower doses of anticancer drugs to achieve the same or even better results.

It suggests the important clinical application of Noni as a supplemental agent on cancer treatment Recent unpublished study completed by Dr Wang and coworkers demonstrate that a cytotoxic effect of Noni on cultured leukemia cell line at various concen-tration. The cytotoxicity of Noni on cultured cancer cells showed a dose-dependent manner by inducing cancer cell necrosis at high doses and apotosid at lower doses. The synergistic effects of Noni with known anticancer drugs have been found. At a sub-optimum dose, both prednisolone and Noni could induce apoptosis. When the dose of prednisolone was fixed, and the dose of Noni increased, apoptotic cells were significantly increased. Therefore, Noni is able to enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs such as prednisolone. When a single dose of Taxol induced a lower percentage of apoptosis in leukemia cells, Noni enhanced the rate of apoptosis to 100 %. This data indicates that Noni is able to enhance the therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs such as Taxol. This finding may be significant for the combination of anticancer drugs with Noni. It may allow one to decrease the dose of synthetic anticancer drugs, increase the tolerance of patients to the toxicity of anticancer drugs, and increase immune function. This creates a new method in treating cancer patients.

In 1993, Hiramatsu and colleagues reported in Cancer Letters the effects of over 500 extracts from tropical plants on the K-Ras-NRK cells. Damnacanthal, isolated from Noni roots, is an inhibitor of Ras function. The ras oncogene is believed to be associated with the signal transduction in several human cancers such as lung, colon, pancreas, and leukemia.

Hiwasa and coworkers demonstrated that damnacanthal, an anthraquinone compound, isolated from the Noni root, was reported to have a potent inhibitory activity towards tyrosine kinases such as Lck, Src, Lyn, and EGF receptors. In his study, he examined the effects of damnacanthal on ultraviolet ray-induced apoptosis in ultraviolet-resistant human UVr-1 cells. Consequently, the ultraviolet light induced a concurrent increase in both phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases and stress-activated protein kinases. After pretreatment with damnacanthal, there was a stimulatory effect on ultraviolet-induced apoptosis.

Dong reported that two glycosides extracted from noni-ppt were effective in inhibiting cell transformation induced by TPA or EGF in the mouse epidermal JB6 cell line. The inhibition was found to be associated with the inhibitory effects of these compounds on AP-1 activity. The compounds also blocked phosphorylation of c-Jun, a substrate of JNKs, suggesting that JNKs are a critical target for the compounds in mediating AP-1 activity and cell transformation.

Clinical application as an immunotherapy in cancer – 

NONI-ppt, the polysaccharide rich substances present in NONI develop an anti-tumor response by stimulating the release of various cytokines mediator of the immune system of our body like

• Interleukin
• Interferon – gamma
• Nitric oxide
• Tumour necrosis factor
• Natural killer cells

Thus they help for controlling carcinogenesis by inhibiting the growth and mutation of the malignant cells

Pretreatment with Noni followed by ultraviolet irradiation increased the levels of phosphorylated extra cellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK) enzymes in the body. Activation of SARK and ERKs plays an important role in triggering apoptosis. Thus their activation proves the stimulatory effect of Noni on ultraviolet-induced apoptosis


High potassium contain of Noni relieves the malignant cachexia syndromes in cancer
The Xeronine, the alkaloid of NONI enhances the cell permeability for intracellular absorption of K and prevents the formation of lactic acid from glucose, thus helps in relieving the malignant cachexia symptoms in cancer patient

Reduction of side effects caused by chemotherapy.

Noni contain a mixture of Anthraquinone, organic acids, xeronine, several vitamins (such as beta-carotene, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine etc), some minerals, iron and calcium. The potassium content of Noni is very high. It is a powerful antioxidant. Thus this natural product, INDIAN NONI JUICE, can be used to reduce the side effects of cancer treatments

Thus Noni’s effect on cancer most likely deals with the fact that both Noni and cancer work on a cellular level. It is further believed that Noni enhances cellular structure while cancer, of course, destroys it. One of Noni’s key components, Proxeronine, is sent to “sick” cells within the body by the Golgi apparatus and reticuloendothelium. These sick cells attract Proxeronine and an enzyme, Proxeroninease. The interaction creates Xeronine, a cellular enhancer.
Role of NONI in reducing pain in cancer

Noni is a selective COX-2 inhibitor - Pain, redness, heat, and swelling, which are the markers of inflammation, follow the release of prostaglandins. Pain killers reduce prostaglandins by blocking an enzyme which helps to produce them, called cyclooxygenase (COX). There are two COX enzymes in the body - COX-1 and COX-2. COX1 is easily identifiable and is important in regulating cell function. COX2 enzyme is largely responsible for causing pain and inflammation. Noni is a selective inhibitor of COX-2 enzyme. In addition, the Noni did no damage to the COX1 enzyme. Hence it relieves a lot in case of pain in cancer patient.

Role of Scopoletin in pain - Another reason for Noni’s pain fighting qualities may stem from several of its constituents. Noni has been shown to contain Scopoletin, which has anti inflammatory effects and pain reducing ability.

Role of Noni in reducing high mental stress of cancer paitent : 

the cancer patient always in a state of high stress condition about his diseases and cancer treatment. The cause of stress is due to the low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin, also called 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is the brain's `happy chemical.’ Serotonin is often referred to as the body's natural mood-altering drug and changes in serotonin levels can quickly alter mood. If serotonin levels drop to low levels, depression is almost sure to follow. It is manufactured in our body using the amino acid tryptophan. When tryptophan is readily available, the body can use it if needed to increase serotonin levels. Manufactured by the body, it is found along with its receptor sites in the brain, blood platelets, and lining of the digestive tract. Noni juice is a normal and safe way for us to increase the effects of this feel good hormone. NONI juice elevate serotonin levels naturally. It contains 17 amino acids among the total 20 amino acids including all 10 essential amino acid. The amino acid tryptophan plays a great role in manufacturing this neuro transmitter serotonin. When tryptophan is readily available, the body can use it if needed to increase serotonin levels

NONI act as an Immune enhancer in cancer patient; 
The immunity plays a greater role in cancer –patient. The person in low immune power is most susceptible to attack by cancer. The cancer also depresses the body immunity power a lot. The standard cancer treatments also add fuel in reducing the immunity level more than before. So it is highly necessary to keep the immunity level balance of the cancer patient as well as in the standard cancer treatment.

NONI helps a lot in enhancing the immune power of cancer patient naturally. NONI-ppt, the polysaccharide rich substances present in NONI helps in improving the immune power by stimulating the release of various cytokines mediator of the immune system of our body. Those cytokines are Interleukin, Interferon – gamma, Nitric oxide, Tumour necrosis factor, Natural killer cells. Those helps for controlling carcinogenesis process by inhibiting the growth and mutation of the malignant cells.

The natural integrity of Noni is only part of the reason for its immune modulating character. There are two additional reasons contribution to NONI’s immune enhancing property-

unique Combinations of Substances Noni has an impressive combination of ingredients.
It has a rich complement of vitamins and minerals; including A, B vitamins (including the rare B-12), C, E, Iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, zinc and several trace minerals. It also has 17 of 20 amino acids. Terpenes, fungicides, adaptogens, glycosides, polysaccharides and other unique ingredients that even in small amounts can have significant physiological effects can be found in Noni.
Synergy of its Substances 
The many known, and even some of the unknown substances, come together in a way that support the needs of many of our internal systems, concurrently. As the word synergy implies, these substances work far better in combination than they do separately. Many of the ingredients in Noni are found in varying amounts in other foods or herbs. There seems to be no known food or herb with either the rich list of substances or the high amounts of key substances all put together in one super food. Noni aids the body’s natural healing abilities.

Hence Noni is very helpful in any cancer as Primary prevention purposes, primary therapeutic purposes, supplemental to conventional treatment purposes, reduction of chemo and radio side effects cases, secondary prevention purposes in future, and to keep the body immunity power strong enough to fight for the diseases

Why Noni should use with chemotherapy of cancer?
Noni may enhance the therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs. From an experimental study report on lower animal at the University of Hawaii, USA it has been shown that Noni may help to potentiate the action of many anticancer drug. Thus it may suggest as an important clinical application of Noni as a supplemental agent in cancer treatment. Therefore it may be of benefit to cancer patients by enabling them to use lower doses of anticancer drugs to achieve the same or even better results.

Noni acts like a powerful immune booster
The immune system is important to cancer patients in many ways. The cancer can weaken the immune system. Cancer treatment can weaken the immune system. The immune system may help to fight your body’s cancer

Noni develop an anti-tumor response by boosting the body immune power in the process of stimulating the release of various cytokines mediator of the immune system of our body like Interleukin, Interferon – gamma, Nitric oxide, Tumor necrosis factor, Natural killer cells

Thus they help for controlling carcinogenesis by inhibiting the growth and mutation of the malignant cells.It suggests the important clinical application of Noni as a supplemental agent on cancer treatment reduction the side effects caused by chemotherapy.

Noni contain a mixture of Anthraquinone, organic acids, xeronine, several vitamins (such as beta-carotene, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine etc), some minerals, iron, selenium, magnesium and calcium. The potassium content of Noni is very high. It is a powerful antioxidant. Thus this natural product, INDIAN NONI JUICE, can be used to reduce the side effects of cancer treatments

Thus Noni’s effect on cancer most likely deals with the fact that both Noni and cancer work on a cellular level. It is further believed that Noni enhances cellular structure while cancer, of course, destroys it. One of Noni’s key components, Proxeronine, is sent to “sick” cells within the body by the Golgi apparatus and reticuloendothelium. These sick cells attract Proxeronine and an enzyme, Proxeroninease. The interaction creates Xeronine, a cellular enhancer.

High potassium contain of Noni relieves the malignant cachexia syndromes in cancer
The Xeronine, the alkaloid of NONI enhances the cell permeability for intracellular absorption of K and prevents the formation of lactic acid from glucose, thus helps in relieving the malignant cachexia symptoms in cancer patient

What is in NONI?

Alkaloid - These naturally occuring organic compounds are complex, contain at least one nitrogen atom, and they have a physiological effect on humans and animals. Examples of alkaloids include painkillers like morphine, codeine and cocaine. Other alkaloids are caffeine, nicotine, quinine and strychnine. Chemically, they are bases, colorless and taste bitter. They may be used as medicine or poisons.

Antioxidant - Substances that are categorized as being antioxidants are able to inhibit oxidation. This is beneficial because oxidation is thought to cause damage to cells. They bind themselves to free radicals that otherwise would cause damage to cells. Natural antioxidants in the body decrease with age, leading to age-related disease. Noni juice is an antioxidant.

Anti-inflammatory – A substance is called an anti-inflammatory substance if it is able to reduce inflammation. This helps reduce pain due to inflammation and swelling. Steroids and non-steriod inflammatory drugs like aspirin, cortisone and ibuprofen are anti-inflammatory substances frequently used to relieve the pain of arthritic joints. Noni juice is anti-inflammatory.

Beta Blockers – These medications are used mainly to lower blood pressure and treat heart and blood vessel diseases. They are also used to treat glaucoma, migraines and angina. Noni juice is claimed to also lower blood pressure.

Cox-2 – This is an enzyme in the body that is responsible for pain and inflammation. The Cox-2 inhibitor drugs are drugs that are non-steriods (NSAID) that target these enzymes in order to reduce pain and inflammation. There are some side effects, in particular with liver function, that need to be monitored. One benefit that NSAID drugs have is a reduction in gastrointestinal problems. Noni is an anti-inflammatory substance that can act as a Cox-2 inhibitor.

Enzyme – The body uses chemical reactions for cellular functions. An enzyme is a protein; the body has thousands of many types of chemical reactions sparked by enzymes. Enzymes either speed up or inhibit those chemical reactions. They act as a catalyst to increase or decrease reactions in cells. If the body is deficient in enzymes, supplementation can provide positive benefits. Enzymes work in many ways, like generating movement in muscles, and aiding in digestion. Noni juice has been found to contain a precursor to an enzyme that is important to digestive function, proxeroine. The proxeronine and proxeronase found in Noni juice allows production of the enzyme xeronine, which is a catalyst needed for an important chemical reaction.

Macronutrient – Macronutrients are substances like proteins, carbohydrates and fats that are essential to the body and that also must be consumed in large quantities. There are good levels of macronutrients in Noni pulp powder, but negligible levels in the juice.

Micronutrient – Micronutrients are substances like Vitamin C, iron, potassium, Vitamin A, calcium, sodium and niacin. Noni has substantial micronutrient levels, especially for Vitamin C. Micronutrients are only needed in small daily quantities.

Phytochemical – Also known as phytonutrients, these are found in plants. They are bioactive chemical compounds that are believed to be beneficial to human health. Examples are anti-oxidants, flavenoids and caretonoids. Many clinical trials are conducted on phytochemicals in a search for good disease fighters.

Statins – These are drugs that are prescribed for the purpose of lowering plasma cholesterol. They inhibit the Cox-A enzyme action in the liver, which inhibits sythesis of cholesterol. Some natural substances, like Noni and Coenzyme Q10, reduce levels of cholesterol and can be helpful to those taking statins as it may result in those persons being able to reduce their statin drugs. Anyone taking Noni for this purpose must consult their personal physician to assure that it will not interfere with their medical treatment or interact with other drugs they may be taking.

Xeronine – This is an enzyme that aids digestion. Noni juice contains a substance that is a precursor to this enzyme, which is needed for essential chemical reactions.

Noni Juice Benefits

Understanding the Secrets & Miracles of NONI

The “Xeronine System” was the term created for the first scientific explanation of Noni fruit's effectiveness in aiding the healing of a diverse number of ailments and diseases in the human body. A scientist by the name of Dr. Ralph Heinicke originally began to formulate the idea of a new bio-system he named the Xeronine System. 

New Video about NONI (in Arabic)

Documentary by Asianet TV

A documentary telecasted by "Asianet Gulf Round up" about Noni cultivation and a visual tour of my farms & green houses productions of cucumbers